Unit 1: Enquiry Topic: Churchill 1930-1951 - Churchill’s view of events 1929–1940: Why Churchill was out of office 1929–1939; his attitude to the Abdication Crisis; his views about Empire and India and clashes with his party; attitude towards Germany after 1933; his views about rearmament and appeasement; why Churchill became Prime Minister. Churchill as wartime Prime Minister: Why Churchill became Prime Minister; stance in 1940 and style of leadership; relations with his generals and his impact on strategic decisions in the Mediterranean, the bombing of Germany and the war in Europe 1944–1945; plans for reconstruction and loss of the 1945 election. Churchill and International Diplomacy 1939–1951: Churchill’s view on Britain’s world and imperial role; relations with other wartime leaders (Roosevelt, Stalin and de Gaulle); contribution to international conferences; plans for post-war Europe; Iron Curtain speech; attitude to Empire and Europe after 1945. British Period Study: Britain 1951–1997 - Conservative domination 1951–1964: Reasons for the Conservative victory 1951; social changes, immigration, unrest, social mobility and tensions, education, living standards, housing, prosperity and unemployment; Conservative economic policies, Butskellism, industrial growth and stagflation; Conservative leadership of Churchill, Eden, Macmillan and Home; scandals including the Vassall affair, Philby, Argyll and Profumo; reasons for Conservative decline; Labour leadership, divisions and electoral failures of the Labour Party. Labour and Conservative governments 1964–1979: Labour victory 1964, Wilson as leader 1964–1970; economic problems and policies; relations with the Trade Unions; Labour party divisions; 1970 election, Heath as party leader and Prime Minister; aims and policies of Heath’s government; industrial relations, miners’ strike; Wilson and Callaghan 1974–1979, problems and policies 1974– 1979. Thatcher and the end of consensus 1979–1997 election victories; Thatcher and her ministers; reasons for support and opposition; social and economic policies including monetarism, free-market, supply-side economics and privatisation; social policies and unrest; unemployment and the Trade Unions, the Miners’ Strike; fall of Thatcher and replacement with Major; Conservative divisions under Major and electoral defeat in 1997. Unit 2 Y221: Democracy and Dictatorships in Germany 1919–1963 - The establishment and development of the Weimar Republic: 1919–Jan 1933 Consequences of the First World War; impact of the Treaty of Versailles; the Weimar Constitution; coalition governments; challenges to Weimar; Communist revolts, Kapp Putsch, Munich Putsch, invasion of the Ruhr, hyperinflation; Stresemann and the ‘Golden Years’; Dawes and Young Plans, economic recovery, foreign loans, political stability, improvements to working and living conditions; the impact of the Great Depression, elections and governments 1928–1933; rise and appeal of Nazism, role of propaganda and Hitler; Papen, Schleicher and ‘backstairs intrigue’; Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor. The establishment of the Nazi Dictatorship and its domestic policies Feb 1933–1939 - Hitler’s consolidation of power, the Reichstag Fire, March Elections and Enabling Act, Gleichschaltung, creation of the one-party state, Night of the Long Knives, army oath and death of Hindenburg; system of government and administration; censorship and propaganda, machinery of terror, including courts, SS, Gestapo; treatment of opposition; religious policies; economic policies, Schacht’s New Plan, Goering’s Four Year Plan, public works, conscription and autarky; German Labour Front; ‘Strength through Joy’; policy towards women; education and policy towards youth; racial policies to 1939; benefits of Nazi rule. The impact of war and defeat on Germany: 1939–1949 The war economy and Total War; the impact of bombing; war and racial policies, the Final Solution; morale and rationing; opposition and resistance; consequences of the Second World War; Cold War, Potsdam, division of Germany, Bizonia and developments in the Soviet Zone, currency and the Berlin Blockade. Divided Germany: The Federal Republic and the DDR 1949–1963 The creation of West Germany and the DDR; the Basic Law and constitution of West Germany; the 1949 election; the economic miracle; political and social stability; foreign policy, rapprochement with France, EEC, rearmament, NATO, policy towards USA and USSR, DDR; elections of 1953, 1957 and 1961; Berlin Wall; Adenauer’s decline and the Der Spiegel Crisis of 1962; West Germany in 1963; the GDR in 1949; uprising 1953; economic change, land reform, collectivisation, nationalisation and heavy industry; social change, churches, Trade Unions, education and youth. Unit 3 Thematic Study: The Changing Nature of Warfare 1792–1945 - The impact of factors directly related to the conduct of war Generalship and its impact; quality of soldiers including professional armies and volunteers and their impact; the development of strategy, the aims of campaigns and their determination; the development of tactics, shock tactics, the cult of the offensive; the work of military theorists; the concept of ‘Total War’, the involvement of civilians, casualties.The impact of technological change Industrialisation and technology; developments in communication and transport including telegraph, radio, telephone and radar, steamboats, railways, internal combustion engine; development of weaponry including the rifle, artillery developments, machine gun, tanks, aeroplane. Planning and preparation The effectiveness of alliances and military plans; developments in the organisation, command and control of armies. The relationship between relevant domestic factors and warfare The organisation of the state for war, recruitment, the procurement and delivery of supplies, the scale of war, government intervention; public opinion, morale, patriotism and the impact of mass literacy, franchise and the popular press, censorship; conscription; economics and the cost of war, the mobilisation of the economy, mass production; manpower and resources. - The French Revolutionary Wars 1792–1802 Generalship; the quality of the soldiers; the development of tactics and strategy; developments in communication; developments in weaponry; the effectiveness of alliances; developments in the organisation, command and control of the armies; conscription; manpower and resources. The American Civil War 1861–1865 Generalship; the quality of the soldiers; the development of tactics and strategy; developments in communication; industrialisation; developments in communication and transport; developments in weaponry; the effectiveness of alliances; developments in the organisation, command and control of the armies; public opinion; conscription; manpower and resources. The Western Front and the First World War 1914–1918 Generalship; the quality of the soldiers; the development of tactics and strategy; military theorists; the concept of Total War; developments in communication; industrialisation; developments in communication and transport; developments in weaponry; the effectiveness of alliances; developments in the organisation, command and control of the armies; the organisation of the state for war; public opinion; conscription; manpower and resources. Unit 4 The History A unit Y100 Topic-based essay is an independently researched essay of 3000–4000 words in length. This unit is a non-exam assessment. The work will be marked by centres and moderated by OCR.